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Diesel and biodiesel particulates have been demonstrated to reduced vascular responsiveness in vivo and in vitro, but the components of PM responsible for this effect are poorly understood. Fatty acids represent a significant fraction of the compounds that make up organic combust...

Low cost air quality sensors represent an important area of interest for the US EPA and the air quality community-at-large. Instruction and training opportunities are needed to provide potential end users of this technology with professional guidance on how to deploy sensors in a...

Populations of cold-water fishes are increasingly faced with warm river temperatures. Cold water refuges (CWR) – areas of cold water in which thermally-stressed individuals may seek temporary shelter – are increasingly invoked as a potentially mitigating feature withi...

This paper presents a greedy optimization algorithm for sensor placement to calibrate a water distribution system (WDS) hydraulic model more efficiently. The proposed approach improves the calibration accuracy by optimizing sensor placement. An optimally located sensor not only o...

The following abstract is for presentation at the 2019 Air and Waste Management Association’s Air Quality Measurements and Methods Conference in Durham, NC, April 2-4, 2019. Leak detection and repair (LDAR) prog...

Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), an ambient air pollutant with mass-based standards promulgated under the Clean Air Act, and black carbon (BC), a common component of PM2.5, are both associated with cardiovascular health effects. Objectives: To elucidate wh...

Regional-scale air quality models and observations at routine air quality monitoring sites are used to determine attainment/non-attainment of the ozone air quality standard in the United States. In current regulatory applications, a regional-scale air quality model is applied for...

Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) reduce non-point source pollution from cropland. Goals for BMP adoption and expected pollutant load reductions are often specified in water quality management plans to protect and restore waterbodies; however, estimates of needed load...

Background: Epidemiological studies report fairly consistent associations between various air pollution metrics and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with some elevated risks reported for different prenatal and postnatal periods. Objective: To examine associations between ASD and ...

Previous studies have shown that air pollution exposure primes body systems to heightened responses to everyday activities that stress the cardiovascular (CV) system. The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts of a one-time exposure to eucalyptus smoke (ES) on the post...

ABSTRACT Background: GenX (CAS: 62037-80-3) is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemical class and a high-profile contaminant of emerging concern. Recent environmental monitoring efforts have identified elevated levels of GenX in surface water, air, and...

Air pollution is a complex mixture of particulates, gases, and aldehydes. As such, attributing health effects to specific air pollutants in a given ambient air shed and identifying plausible biological mechanisms can be difficult when pollutants are studied in isolation. Here, we...

Given the intensity and frequency of environmental change, the linked and cross-scale nature of social-ecological systems, and the proliferation of big data, methods that can help synthesize complex system behavior over a geographical area are of great value. Fisher information e...

Atmospheric oxidation of natural and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which constitutes a major and often dominant component of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Recent work demonstrates that rapid autoxidation o...

Prenatal exposure to ozone has been linked to low birth weight in people and fetal growth restriction in rats. Clinical recommendations suggest use of low dose aspirin to lower risk of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in high-risk pregnancies, yet its utility in m...

BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly for cardiovascular disease. The association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and measures of lipoprotein subtractions remains unclear. Therefore, we examined...

Prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the US increased by 74% from 2000 to 2013, with a 5-year survival of 42%. To investigate the role of the broader environment on ESRD survival time, we evaluated both average distance to the nearest hospital by county (as a surrogate...

Vehicle automation has the potential to drastically transform the transportation system, which would in turn have energy and environmental implications. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the effect of automation on travel demand and efficiency. We utilize the MARKet ALl...

α-Aminonitriles are very useful in the synthesis of bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically important heterocycles.1 The transition metal catalyzed C-H activation followed by cyanation is the most straightforward possible reaction sequence used to accomplish this tr...

Speciated volatile and semi-volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs and SVOCs, resp.), including mobile source air toxics (MSATs), were characterized in vehicle exhaust from three modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) light-duty vehicles. The test vehicles were in the U.S. EPA...

Background: The effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during wildland fires are not well understood in comparison to PM2.5 exposures from other sources. Objectives: We examined the cardiopulmonary effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on smoke days and evaluat...

This meeting is to help develop more robust estimates of land use change in the U.S. and will contribute to the Third Triennial Report to Congress on Biofuels. Understanding the amount and attribution of land use change in the U.S. remains a priority. Improved methodologies will ...

Railyards are important transportation hubs, and they are often situated near populated areas with high co-located density of manufacturing, freight movement and commercial enterprises. Emissions occurring within railyards can affect nearby air quality. To better understand the a...

Prescribed grassland fires in the Flint Hills region of central Kansas and northern Oklahoma are common during March and April and emit pollutants that can have negative health impacts on humans. Local to regional scale impacts on air quality from grassland fires in this region a...

Regional Monitoring Networks (RMNs) bring together a diverse set of partners from EPA, state agencies, tribes, federal partners, and other entities. The goal of this collaborative effort is to collect long-term biological, thermal, hydrologic, physical habitat and water chemistry...